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gorkha_earthquake\Repair and retrofits | |
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failure_modes_of_masonry_buildings.pdf | |
File Size: | 9827 kb |
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gorkha_earthquake_facts.pdf | |
File Size: | 2780 kb |
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building_types.pdf | |
File Size: | 1576 kb |
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tomorrow_can_be_more_secure_in_so_many_ways.docx | |
File Size: | 2183 kb |
File Type: | docx |
a:) When the slab undergoes in plane bending, it causes the rectangular wall to undergo the shape of parallellogram,in one diagonal to stretched and in the same manner to contracts causing X-Shape cracking (as shown in recent building in KTM).
These are also beneficial for emmiting the input energy due to earthquake on the building.(Wall must be well designed.)
b:) As the soil bearing Capacity is low than the compressive
strength of brick,it is necessary to increase the width of footing
to transfer the load sufficiently and reduce the stresses on
the soil.
c:) There must be enough no. of walls , which should be neither too thin nor with too many spacing and reasonably closed spaced,
in two perpendicular directions.It is also the cross wall which helps in resisting the seismic forces.(increasing the latera stiffness)
d:) It is necessary to provide roof bands,sill bands,lintel bands,e.t.c so that masonary buildings can acts as a box.Vertical bars are necessary on the edges of the building which will resist toppling behaviour of the wall. Vertical bars should be anchoraged from the bottom of the foundation to the roof bands.
e:) Column length greater than 2.5 times the width should be avoided.
Evaluation of the seismic resistance of an existing of an building.
Step 1 :- Rapid Visual Screening (Quick Assessment) - to find out the vulnerable buildings.Relevant data is acquired by filling data collection forms.
Step 2 :- Preliminary evaluation - Calculation to find out the potential weaknessof the building.If this evaluation indicates the need , more detailed structural evaluation(including all aspects of observed deterioration of the building) is to be carried out by structural engineer to quantify the extent of inadequacy.
Step 3 :- Retrofit or not? (Main purpose is to increase its strength, stiffness, ductility,stability and integrity) - Governed by the importance of the building,estimated cost of retrofit,disruption to the use of building and available technology.
If affordable - Retrofit
If building is in high risk and retrofit unaffordable - then viable to retrofit.Suchbuilding should be abandoned if not demolished.(Safety to human lives.)
It is recommended that retrofit is done usually when the strength of the building(interms of Total seismic load it can resist without collapsing) drops below 70% of the capacity required by the current standard.
One combination of local(to avoid failure of components and global retrofit(toprovide increase in strength and stiffness stategies is possible for economical Purposes.
These are also beneficial for emmiting the input energy due to earthquake on the building.(Wall must be well designed.)
b:) As the soil bearing Capacity is low than the compressive
strength of brick,it is necessary to increase the width of footing
to transfer the load sufficiently and reduce the stresses on
the soil.
c:) There must be enough no. of walls , which should be neither too thin nor with too many spacing and reasonably closed spaced,
in two perpendicular directions.It is also the cross wall which helps in resisting the seismic forces.(increasing the latera stiffness)
d:) It is necessary to provide roof bands,sill bands,lintel bands,e.t.c so that masonary buildings can acts as a box.Vertical bars are necessary on the edges of the building which will resist toppling behaviour of the wall. Vertical bars should be anchoraged from the bottom of the foundation to the roof bands.
e:) Column length greater than 2.5 times the width should be avoided.
Evaluation of the seismic resistance of an existing of an building.
Step 1 :- Rapid Visual Screening (Quick Assessment) - to find out the vulnerable buildings.Relevant data is acquired by filling data collection forms.
Step 2 :- Preliminary evaluation - Calculation to find out the potential weaknessof the building.If this evaluation indicates the need , more detailed structural evaluation(including all aspects of observed deterioration of the building) is to be carried out by structural engineer to quantify the extent of inadequacy.
Step 3 :- Retrofit or not? (Main purpose is to increase its strength, stiffness, ductility,stability and integrity) - Governed by the importance of the building,estimated cost of retrofit,disruption to the use of building and available technology.
If affordable - Retrofit
If building is in high risk and retrofit unaffordable - then viable to retrofit.Suchbuilding should be abandoned if not demolished.(Safety to human lives.)
It is recommended that retrofit is done usually when the strength of the building(interms of Total seismic load it can resist without collapsing) drops below 70% of the capacity required by the current standard.
One combination of local(to avoid failure of components and global retrofit(toprovide increase in strength and stiffness stategies is possible for economical Purposes.
Restoration and Retrofit
paper_1_damage_restoration.pdf | |
File Size: | 2048 kb |
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paper_2__retrofit_your_building_details_for_masons.pdf | |
File Size: | 2844 kb |
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